Economics in Action

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Two odd pieces of economic research have been highlighted in the Ig Nobel Prizes, awarded each year by the magazine the Annals of Improbable Research.

The first study examined tips given to lap dancers. Unfamiliar with lap-dancing, Geoffrey Miller and colleagues read up on the relevant sociological and feminist literature before getting eighteen dancers to record their earnings for two months. They found that earnings were greater when the dancers were ovulating: the male patrons expressed a preference for dancers who were currently fertile, even if not consciously aware of the difference.

The other study was by behavioural economist Dan Ariely and colleagues, who found that the placebo effect of a pill was weakened when the pills were discounted in price. In other words, some medicines are more powerful in virtue of being more expensive.

The full references are Geoffrey Miller, Joshua M. Tybur, Brent D. Jordan (2007) “Ovulatory Cycle Effects on Tip Earnings by Lap Dancers: Economic Evidence for Human Estrus?” Evolution and Human Behavior, vol. 28, 2007, pp. 375-81; and Rebecca L. Waber, Baba Shiv, Ziv Carmon, Dan Ariely (2008) “Commercial Features of Placebo and Therapeutic Efficacy” Journal of the American Medical Association, March 5, 2008; 299: 1016-1017.

Matthew Reisz reports in the Times Higher Education about the rebirth of economics, ‘today the “dismal” science of economics is sexy’. Tim Harford and Stephen Levitt are held somewhat responsible for the distinct change in attitude, with simple economics being used to explain anything from ‘rational crime’ to ‘the teenage oral sex craze’.

The publication of The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics compiles contributions from not only 1500 economists but also other fields, a Swedish zoologist for example, supporting the end of ‘dismal’ economics.

Read more: Matthew Reisz (2008) Figure It Out Times Higher Education

In 2005, HM Treasury appointed Sir Nicholas Stern, an economist, to report on climate change. Stern calls climate change ‘the worst market failure the world has ever seen’ and states three main goals to overcome it; (i) the pricing of carbon through tax, trading and regulation (ii) a policy which supports and encourages low carbon technology and (iii) the removal of barriers which lead to energy efficiency along with informing, persuading and educating individuals with regard to climate change.

A relationship between the environment and economics is inevitable as economics is the study of scarce resources, resources that we source from the environment around us. The Stern report, which was published in October 2006, was not the first study to discuss this relationship, however, Stern emphasised the cost of environmental degradation to us in terms of global gross domestic product (GDP, something economists could easily relate to) with shocking results. (more…)

With food prices very much in the news, and price rises causing unrest in vulnerable countries, FT.com provides a couple of interactive guides: “The Global Food Crisis” gives an overview in the form of clickable maps, and “Why are food prices rising?” explains some of the contributing factors with video clips.

In the latest of our podcasts supporting the Royal Economic Society Conference 2008 Romesh Vaitilingam talks to Ben Lockwood about the effect of the European Single market on alcohol and tobacco taxes.

In the wake of Alistair Darling’s swingeing increases on duty on alcohol in Wednesdays budget comes a new report examining why duty may not have been increased as much as governments would have liked and implying that these new duties may not raise as much revenue as the Chancellor is expecting.

The research by Giuseppe Migali and Ben Lockwood, presented at this Royal Economic Society’s 2008 annual conference, finds that the completion of the European Unions single market which removed all restrictions on trade in goods between member countries meant that the UK government has not been able to raise alcohol and tobacco duty as much as it might like.

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Crisis regulation may help avoid another Northern Rock style panic, according to research by Professors Shurojit Chatterji and Sayantan Ghosal presented at the Royal Economic Society’s 2008 annual conference.

But the authorities should not always aim to prevent bank runs on the contrary, when regulators cannot monitor banks and fine those that are behaving irresponsibly, the possibility of bank runs is needed to prevent banks from lending irresponsibly in the first place.

In September 2007, Northern Rock suffered the first bank run on a British bank in over a century. The spectacle of depositors queuing up in front of the high street branches of the Northern Rock has prompted much commentary on the stability of the financial systems and the global consequences of the subprime crisis in the United States.

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